The primary objective of Sustainable Development Goal 6.2 is to achieve universal access to adequate sanitation and hygiene and eliminate open defecation by 2030. One of the key strategies toward this goal is the implementation of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), a participatory approach that encourages communities to take responsibility for their sanitation behaviors. However, sustaining positive behavioral change post-intervention remains a significant challenge. This study was conducted among households in Turkana Central Sub- County, targeting a population of 8,509households. A sample of 382 respondents was determined using the Yamane formula. The study aimed to investigate perceived health risk, examine the influence of attitude, assess the role of community norms, establish the influence of ability factors, and evaluate the role of self-efficacy on sanitation practices. A convergent research design was used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights were obtained from focus group discussions. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed. Results indicated that perceived knowledge of health risks was significantly associated with latrine presence (R = 0.031, AOR = 0.023, p < 0.05), with OLS R = 0.253. Social norms and self-efficacy also demonstrated notable influence, explaining 24% and 27.9% of variability in latrine presence, respectively. However, many variables had p-values > 0.05, indicating limited individual significance. The study concludes that while multiple factors affect latrine adoption, knowledge of health risks, social norms, and self-efficacy are particularly influential. It recommends behavior change communication strategies that are culturally appropriate and sensitive to local norms and environmental conditions in Turkana.